Advanced Placement (AP) English Language and Composition Practice Exam

The correct choice, paradox, refers to a figure of speech that juxtaposes seemingly contradictory concepts to reveal a deeper truth. This device often presents an expression that, at first glance, appears straightforward or contradictory; however, a closer examination reveals profound insights about the complexity of a situation or idea. Paradoxes challenge conventional thinking and encourage readers to think critically about the underlying meanings, offering layers of interpretation.

For example, phrases like "less is more" or "the beginning of the end" embody simplicity but provoke thought regarding the complexities of existence, choice, or progress. They often resonate at multiple levels, prompting reflection and discussion about their implications. In literature and rhetoric, the use of paradoxes can intrigue the audience, making them reconsider their assumptions and leading to a richer understanding.

The other choices do not fit this definition as closely. Alliteration is primarily focused on the repetition of initial consonant sounds for aesthetic effect rather than depth of meaning. Metonymy involves a substitutive relationship between two related concepts, such as using "the White House" to refer to the U.S. presidency, but it does not inherently carry a paradoxical or layered meaning. Ellipsis omits words for brevity or stylistic reasons but does not inherently present a