Advanced Placement (AP) English Language and Composition Practice Exam

What type of argument does "polemic" refer to?

1. A neutral discussion of differing viewpoints

2. An aggressive argument that seeks to dominate

3. A persuasive essay aimed at a specific audience

4. A celebration of respectful debate

The correct answer is: An aggressive argument that seeks to dominate

The term "polemic" refers to an aggressive argument designed to challenge or refute opposing viewpoints. This kind of writing is often characterized by its contentious nature, aiming not just to present an argument but to vigorously defend a position against critics. In a polemic, the author usually adopts a passionate tone and may employ rhetorical strategies that are confrontational rather than conciliatory. This distinguishes it from other forms of discourse, such as a neutral discussion or a celebration of respectful debate, which would involve presenting multiple perspectives fairly without attacking any particular view. Unlike persuasive essays that may focus on convincing a specific audience while maintaining some level of respect for differing opinions, polemics are more about asserting dominance in the debate, often disregarding the nuances of opposing arguments. Thus, the key defining characteristic of a polemic is its aggressive and combative approach to argumentation.