Advanced Placement (AP) English Language and Composition Practice Exam

Which of the following is an example of a valid comparison in an analogy?

1. Comparing the inflation of balloon prices to the stock market

2. Comparing temperatures in different regions to predict climate change

3. Comparing the complexities of human emotions to animal instincts

4. Comparing two historical events with similar outcomes

The correct answer is: Comparing two historical events with similar outcomes

The rationale behind the selection of the correct answer lies in the structure and purpose of analogies, which are meant to highlight similarities between different concepts. In this instance, comparing two historical events with similar outcomes effectively illustrates the principle of analogy by drawing parallels between the scenarios, allowing one to understand the implications or lessons from each event through the lens of the other. This approach emphasizes how similar circumstances can yield comparable results, thereby providing a clearer understanding of the outcomes involved. In contrast, the other choices do not fulfill the criteria for valid analogies as effectively. For instance, the comparison of balloon prices to the stock market may lack a direct correlation and does not offer a clear similarity in context or effect, which is essential for a strong analogy. Similarly, comparing temperatures in different regions to predict climate change could be seen as more of a factual observation rather than an analogy, as it does not syntax a direct likeness in terms of conceptual understanding. Lastly, while comparing human emotions to animal instincts hints at a broader psychological perspective, it may oversimplify complex emotional structures by equating them with instincts, which can lead to misleading conclusions. Overall, the chosen comparison regarding historical events demonstrates a well-defined analogy that helps draw meaningful insights from one event based on the knowledge of