Advanced Placement (AP) English Language and Composition Practice Exam

Which term in the Toulmin model is used to indicate the degree of certainty in a claim?

1. Reservation

2. Qualifier

3. Backing

4. Assumption

The correct answer is: Qualifier

In the Toulmin model of argumentation, the term "qualifier" is specifically used to indicate the degree of certainty with which a claim is made. This allows the arguer to express how strong or definitive their assertion is, acknowledging that there may be exceptions or varying levels of support for the claim. Qualifiers often include terms such as "often," "usually," "always," "sometimes," or "rarely," which help to convey the argument's nuances. By employing a qualifier, the speaker or writer is able to manage the expectations of the audience regarding the claim's validity and strengthen the overall argument by providing a more measured approach. This demonstrates an understanding of the complexities of the issue being discussed, which enhances the credibility of the argument.